The theory is about the structure and workings of society. ![]() This ‘organic analogy’ sees the different parts of society working together to form a social system in the same way that the different parts of a human organism form a body system. but these different parts have to be seen in terms of the contribution that they make to the functioning of the whole of society. the family, education, religion, law and order, media etc. There are different parts of society e.g. However, for a person to be healthy all their organs and body systems have to function together.įunctionalist sociologists say that you can look at society in the same way. The human body is made up of different parts, organs and systems. The theory was developed by other sociologists in the 20th Century and was a popular idea until the 1970s when it came under criticism from new ideas.įunctionalists believe that you can compare society to the human body when looking at how it works. Many functionalists argue that social institutions are functionally integrated to form a stable system and that a change in one institution will precipitate a change in other institutions this is expressed by Durkheim and others as an "organic analogy." Structural functionalism, which was developed by Meyer Fortes and Edward Evan Evans-Pritchard, is the main theory of this concept.įunctionalism was first developed in the 19th Century by Émile Durkheim (1858-1917), one of the early sociologists. 4.1 Evolutionary Theory: A Response to Functionalist Challenges. ![]() The theory is associated with Émile Durkheim and more recently with Talcott Parsons. Functionalism is a major sociological tradition, alongside other schools of thought, such as conflict theory, interactionism, or exchange theory. Thirdly, phenomena are seen to exist because they serve a function. Secondly, there are functional requirements that must be met in a society for its survival (such as reproduction of the population). Firstly, society is viewed as a system – a collection of interdependent parts, with a tendency toward equilibrium. ![]() Functionalism is based around a number of key concepts. Later, it came to focus on the ways in which social institutions fill social needs, especially social stability. In the social sciences, specifically sociology and sociocultural anthropology, functionalism (also called functional analysis) is a sociological perspective that originally attempted to explain social institutions as collective means to fill individual biological needs. The article is about functionalism in sociology for other uses, see functionalism.
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